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What deciBel level is the threshold for hearing damage?

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30dB

60dB

90dB

100dB

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Stages of the Auditory Pathway

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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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Medial Geniculate body
Cochlea Nucleus
Superior Olive
Cochlea
Lateral Lemniscus
Auditory Nerve
Auditory Cortex
Inferior Colliculi

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What statement is untrue about the Otolith organs?

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They detect linear acceleration

They contain fragments of calcium carbonate

They contain sensory epithelium called macula

They detect changes in head angle

They rely on sight to work efficiently

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What is true about the semicircular canals

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They detect changes in linear acceleration

They are arranged in a vertical plane

They detect rotational acceleration

They are made up of the Utricle and Saccule

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The vestibulo-ocular reflex?

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Allows body position to be maintained when our eyes are closed

Stabilises eyes, keeping them pointing in the same direction despite head movements

Allows us to stay upright when we are in the dark

Moves eyes with the head so that we are always able to look in the direction our head is facing

Uses eyes to help the body maintain balance

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what happens if we lose outer hair cell function?

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Maximum displacement of the basilar membrane only occurs towards the apex of the cochlea

Maximum displacement of the basilar membrane only occurs at the base of the cochlea

Stereocillium on the hair cells bend towards the tallest

Less neurotransmitter is released resulting in fewer action potentials on the auditory nerve fibres

We become less sensitive to sound and need an increased amplitude

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Match the dysphasia's to their definition

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Match the text
Receptive dysphasia
Expressive dysphasia

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Impairment in the ability to produce speech
Difficulty comprehending speech

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Match the types of hearing loss

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Conductive
Sensorineural
Central
Tinnitus

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Ringing in the ears
BRAIN: damage to cortical areas in the brain
COCHLEA: Hair cell and synapse damage
MIDDLE EAR: Eg infection: Otitis Media

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In what lobe is the Auditory Cortex found?

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Occipital

Frontal

Temporal

Parietal

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What is the name for the bulge at the end of each semi-circular canal

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Saccule

Vestibule

Ampulla

Otolith

Utricle

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Which two of the following is a sound wave defined by?

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Time

Frequency

Force

Amplitude (intensity)

Power

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match the parts of the vestubular system to their function

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Utricle and Saccule
Semicircular canals

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Send information to the medial part of the vestibular nucleus, send signals to the extra-ocular and neck motor neurone to control neck and eye movements
Send information to the lateral part of the Vestibular nucleus, send signals to lower limbs and cerebellum to maintain equilibrium when moving around

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Match the hair cells to their structure and function

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Outer hair cell
Inner hair cell

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Arranged in rows of one, depolarisation occurs when stereocillium bend towards the tallest, this leads to neurotransmitter release and excitation of auditory nerve fibres
Arranged in rows of three, shorten during the depolarising phase and inject energy which amplifies basilar membrane movement to increase the sensitivity of hearing

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Match the hair cells to the auditory nerve fibres

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Type 1 fibre
Type 2 fibre

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Make up 5% of auditory nerve fibres and attach to Outer hair cells. One fibre will make contact with many hair cells
Make up 95% of auditory nerve fibres and attach to Inner hair cells. Many fibres make contact with each hair cell

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How many weeks past conception is a foetus able to hear?

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24 weeks

30 weeks

18 weeks

10 weeks

12 weeks