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block

The absolute refractory period refers to the brief period of time

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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after exocytosis and before the release of more neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cleft.

after a neuron has fired an action potential during which the same neuron cannot fire another action potential.

during which a postsynaptic receptor cannot bind another neurotransmitter after it has been open.

following a response to any hyperpolarizing input.

none

The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal, the greater the

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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rate of reuptake.

amplitude of the action potential.

magnitude of inhibition.

release of neurotransmitter.

none

patient has a seizure that does not involve the entire brain. Just before the seizure, the patient had an unusual sensation, and at the height of the seizure the patient was unresponsive. This patient most likely experienced a ____ seizure.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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complex partial

petit mal

grand mal

kindling

none

At the peak of the action potential, the axonal membrane approaches the equilibrium potential for

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Na+.

K+.

All of the mentioned

Cl–.

none

Which of the following is an anion in the extracellular or intracellular fluid?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Potassium

Both calcium and potassium

Chloride

Calcium

none

Which of the following is not a property of slow synapses?

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(0/0)

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Metabotropic

Ligand-gated

Long duration of response

G protein–coupled

none

Which of the following presynaptic events are presented in correct chronological order?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Exocytosis → calcium ion influx → action potential reaches axon terminal → membrane depolarization

Action potential reaches axon terminal → calcium ion channels open → neurotransmitter diffusion → exocytosis

Calcium ion influx → action potential reaches axon terminal → vesicle fuses with membrane → diffusion of neurotransmitter

Action potential reaches axon terminal → calcium ion channels open → exocytosis → diffusion of neurotransmitter

none

Postsynaptic potentials are a type of

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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digital event.

action potential.

graded potential.

resting potential.

none

The Nernst equation predicts the voltage that develops when a semipermeable membrane separates different concentrations of ions. The measured value of the resting membrane potential varies slightly from the predicted value because of leakage of ___ the cell.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Na+ out of

K+ into

Na+ into

Cl– into

none

The size of the gap between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse is

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

100 mm.

20–40 nm.

100 nm.

2–4 nm.

none

If you wanted to hyperpolarize a neuron, which opsin would you insert and which color of light would you shine onto the neuron?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Falorhodopsin and blue light

Channelrhodopsin and blue light

Halorhodopsin and yellow light

Channelrhodopsin and yellow light

none

Norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of transmitters whose synaptic activity is terminated by

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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reuptake.

calcium influx.

depolarization.

passive diffusion.

none

In the knee jerk reflex,

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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a muscle stretch receptor is activated by a spinal cord motor neuron.

there are two synapses from stimulation to muscle contraction.

the motor neuron releases acetylcholine to stimulate the sensory neuron.

the stimulus activates a sensory neuron with a cell body in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

none

Which of the following is an example of divergence?

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(0/0)

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A thalamic cell in the visual system sends information to many cortical cells.

A receptor cell in the eye sends information to a single retinal ganglion cell.

Both a and c

A thalamic cell in the visual system receives information from many retinal ganglion cells.

none

The resting membrane potential is

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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established partially by the rapid influx of sodium ions.

negative in neurons and positive in glial cells.

a property unique to multipolar neurons.

partially established by the uneven distribution of ions across the membrane.