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block

Which of the following amino acids are frequently phosphorylated by protein kinases in the cytoplasm during signal transduction? (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

glycine and glutamic acid

any of the 20 amino acids are equally phosphorylated

tyrosine

serine and threonine

glycine and histidine

none

Which of the following mutations to Gα protein could render a G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathway constitutionally active?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Gα cannot hydrolyze GTP

Gα protein cannot bind GTP

Gα cannot bind go Gβγ

Gα proteins cannot release GDP

none

G proteins involved in signal transduction function as biphasic switches, passing from inactive “OFF” to active “ON” state, in which they active an enzyme effector (e.g. a protein kinase, a phospholipase, an adenylate cyclase). When are they in the “ON” state?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

After converting GTP to GDP

When they are not associated with a nucleotide

While they are bound to GTP

After converting GDP to GTP

While they are bound to GDP

none

During …… the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart by the spindle and dragged by their kinetochores toward opposite poles of the cell.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

metaphase

meiosis

Anaphase

interphase

prophase

none

Hydrophobic steroid hormones, such as estrogen, act through what class of receptors?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

lecitins

cell-surface receptors

connexins

enzyme-linked receptors

Intracellular receptors

none

A recurring theme in cell biology is that protein function is regulated by protein-protein interactions. Which of the following protein interactions does NOT occur in the control of cellular proliferation?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

ErbB2 and Myc protein

Rb and E2F protein

p53 and papillomavirus E6 protein

CDK kinase and mitotic cyclin

Rb and papillomavirus E7 protein

none

The chaperone proteins:

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

help to acquire the folding of other proteins (folding) correct

allow the movement of organelles within the cell

are involved in the defense against pathogens

allow the passage of ions through the membrane

regulate the activity of enzymes

none

Which of the following statements regarding membrane proteins is wrong:

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Some of them participate in signal transduction

Many of them are able to migrate laterally in the context of the membrane

Their position in the membrane is determined by the respective tertiary structure

Extend from one side to the other of the membrane

Few of them function as ion channels

none

The main signalling cascade for cell division in the _________ cascade.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Phosphoinositol

cAMP

MAP kinase

Calcium calmodulin

Phospholiapse C

none

Which of the following steps in an intracellular signalling pathway amplifies the signal? (more than one answer is correct)

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

receptor activation of G protein

binding of lignad to receptor

synthesis of secondary messenger

activation of a protein kinase

receptor desensitization

none

The Golgi apparatus:

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

participates to the synthesis of ATP

is involved in sorting and modifications of proteins

contains ribosome

is the site of splicing

degrades proteins

none

Which of the following is NOT required for receptor medicated endocytosis?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

a transmembrane receptor

early endosome

clathrin

coatomer

adaptin

none

The figure below demonstrates that cytoplasm from an egg arrested in M phase of meiosis can induce an oocyte in G2 to “mature” until it arrests in metaphase of meiosis II. Predict the effect of injecting cytoplasm of that egg (red arrow) into an immature oocyte.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

The oocyte would progress to meiosis I

The oocyte would remain arrested in G2

The oocyte would initiate spontaneous mitotic cell cycles

The oocyte would progress to meiosis II

The oocyte would die

none

MPF is one of the protein complexes that regulate the cell cycle progression. By injecting MPF in cells that recently exited the S-phase we observe:

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Entry into G2 phase

Beginning of DNA replication

Condensation of chromosomes

Phosphorylation of the Rb protein

Reformation of the nuclear envelope

none

One of the following statements about cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) is false. Which one?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Must be phosphorylated to be active

Cyclin kinase activity is regulated by inhibitors

Must be ubiquitinated to be active

Can be inactivated by proteolytic degradation

Must be associated with cyclins to be active