Biological Rhythms: Endogenous Pacemakers and Exogenous Zeitgebers

biological-rhythms-endogenous-pacemakers-and-exogenous-zeitgebers

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What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus obtains information about light via the

. If our

clock is running slow, morning light automatically shifts the clock ahead.

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The SCN sends signals to the

, directing it to increase the production of

at night. This induces sleep by inhibiting the brain mechanisms that promote

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What do we call the process of resetting the biological clock with exogenous zeitgebers?

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Light
Social cues
Temperature

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In cold-blooded animals, variation in this zeitgeber affects the setting of circadian rhythms. In warm blooded animals, evidence suggests that daily changes in this factor are governed by the internal clock.
The main zeitgeber in humans. This resets the SCN, and other oscillators in the body.
Until recently it was thought that this was the main zeitgeber. The zeitgeber for cells in the heart and liver is likely to be mealtimes because these cells are reset by eating.

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Match the study to its procedure and findings.

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The role of the SCN- Morgan (1995)
Separate rhythms- Folkard (1996)
Artificial lighting- Campbell and Murphy (1998)
When the biological system fails- Chicurel (2001)
An evolutionary approach- DeCoursey et al (2000)

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Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS) has been linked to a defect in one of the PER genes. This causes early sleep onset and spontaneous awakening, affecting quality of life.
Shifted circadian rhythms just by shining a light on the back of participants' knees.
Removed the SCN of 30 chipmunks. They were returned to their habitat and observed. After 80 days, the SCN-less chipmunks were more often than not killed by weasels.
Bred 'mutant' hamsters with 20-hour clocks, then transplanted their SCNs into normal hamsters. The normal hamster then displayed the mutant rhythms.
A young woman, Kate Aldcroft, spent time in a cave. After 25 days her temperature rhythm was 24 hours but her sleep cycle was 30 hours.

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The blended system
IDA: Real-world application
Non-human animal research

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There are enormous health, safety and economic benefits to figuring out how the circadian clock works, because desynchronised clocks reduce alertness and can lead to major accidents.
This brings up ethical problems, but it is also very important to check animal findings against human research as our systems are different.
It sounds as if we are talking about two separate things, but in reality, the running of the biological clock is both endogenous and exogenous!

Biological Rhythms: Endogenous Pacemakers and Exogenous Zeitgebers

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Fill in the blanks

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

Fill in the blanks

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

What do we call the process of resetting the biological clock with exogenous zeitgebers?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Match the exogenous zeitgeber to its explanation.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Light

Social cues

Temperature

In cold-blooded animals, variation in this zeitgeber affects the setting of circadian rhythms. In warm blooded animals, evidence suggests that daily changes in this factor are governed by the internal clock.

The main zeitgeber in humans. This resets the SCN, and other oscillators in the body.

Until recently it was thought that this was the main zeitgeber. The zeitgeber for cells in the heart and liver is likely to be mealtimes because these cells are reset by eating.

Match the study to its procedure and findings.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

The role of the SCN- Morgan (1995)

Separate rhythms- Folkard (1996)

Artificial lighting- Campbell and Murphy (1998)

When the biological system fails- Chicurel (2001)

An evolutionary approach- DeCoursey et al (2000)

Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS) has been linked to a defect in one of the PER genes. This causes early sleep onset and spontaneous awakening, affecting quality of life.

Shifted circadian rhythms just by shining a light on the back of participants' knees.

Removed the SCN of 30 chipmunks. They were returned to their habitat and observed. After 80 days, the SCN-less chipmunks were more often than not killed by weasels.

Bred 'mutant' hamsters with 20-hour clocks, then transplanted their SCNs into normal hamsters. The normal hamster then displayed the mutant rhythms.

A young woman, Kate Aldcroft, spent time in a cave. After 25 days her temperature rhythm was 24 hours but her sleep cycle was 30 hours.

Match the evaluation points to their explanations

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

The blended system

IDA: Real-world application

Non-human animal research

There are enormous health, safety and economic benefits to figuring out how the circadian clock works, because desynchronised clocks reduce alertness and can lead to major accidents.

This brings up ethical problems, but it is also very important to check animal findings against human research as our systems are different.

It sounds as if we are talking about two separate things, but in reality, the running of the biological clock is both endogenous and exogenous!

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