Tropospheric zone

Green house gases

Radioactive substances

Persistent organic compounds (POP)

Fine particles (PM)

The impact of green house gas emissions on climate

The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed

The impact of lifestyles on environmental quality and tipping points

The impact of world population, affluence and technology on green house gas emissions

The impact of population, air pollution and technology on environmental degradation

A combination of smoke and fog

High ozone concentrations

Cigarette smoke

High concentrations of photo chemicals

Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module

Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module

Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module

Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module

Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module and Transport Module

Eulerian models

Richardson models

Gaussian models

Diffusions models

Langrangian models

When an inversion breaks up

Because the distance from sun decreases

When wind speed increases with height

When wind speed is low and the radiation balances at the surface is negative

When atmospheric radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation

When warm air rises from heated surfaces

Standards expressed in high percentiles

Long term standards, e.g. yearly means

Short term standards, e.g. hourly means

Limiting maximum concentration

valley- and down slope wind

only down slope wind

valley and up slope wind

Mountain and down slope wind

only valley wind

and reach a size 100 times that a small cloud droplet

through compression and density increase

through transpiration and evaporation

through freezing and melting

through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets

through condensation and diffusion

Diffusion

Refraction

Reflexion

Absorption

in isothermal layers near the ground

in inversions

in unstable layers

in neutral layers

in stable layers under strong wind conditions

is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterized by temperature increase with height

is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height

consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent surface layer

is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer

nitrogen cycle , phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss

climate change, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss

ocean acidification, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss

climate change, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle

climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss

Albedo is reflectivity averaged over all wave lengths

Averaged over the whole globe, albedo is about 5%

Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen

Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation

Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body

rapid increase of CO2 and decrease of oxygen concentrations

good mixing of gases up to 120km height

about 80% oxygen and 20% hydrogen content near the surface

about 80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen and 1% Argon content

about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content