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015. Dialogues. Structure & Characteristics

015-dialogues-structure-characteristics

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Conversational texts are intended to....

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in terms of communicative functions

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in terms of text type/mode

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Malinowsky claimed that dialogues or conversations fulfill 2 main purposes

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Malinowsky - 2 purposes

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Pragmatic purpose
Ritual purpose

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associated to ceremonies and ancient chants
related to the practical use of language

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Language as an instrument of social interaction with a clear communicative purpose

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Dialogues are present at all leves

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Main elements in dialogues

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Main elements in dialogues

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Participants
Participants
Purposes
Purposes

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difference on the notion of ... written communication (writer/reader) vs oral communication (speaker/listener)
extralinguistic functions
oral & written
acts of speaking (Austin & Searle)

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Speech acts - Austin & Searle

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Representatives/ assertives
Directives
Commisives
Expressives
Declaratives

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bring out a state of affairs by means of marrying, naming, blessing, arresting....
indicate the speaker's psychological state or mental attitude by means of greeting, congratulating, thanking, apologising, etc
to tell people how things are by stating them
to get the addressee to carry out some action by means of commands, requests, etc
to commit the speaker to some future course of action by means of promises, threat and vows

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A sequence of ordered verbal interactions where the minimum structure is based on the binary exchange of addresser and addressee on a specific topic

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The organization of a discourse is

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Logical development of a dialogue

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development of a dialogue

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opening
body
body
ending

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participants have successfully fulfilled their initial purpose
greetings, questions, exclamations
body language (smile, shaking hands...)
turn-taking mechanisms

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Characteristics of dialogues

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we can use simple formulae or more creative
there are patterns in conversation
"Excuse me" in English - conversational conventions
conversations are orderly and proceed in an organised way
most common kind of spoken language is conversation
greeting and farewell are necessary for social relations
simple structure: greeting - business - farewell
but all the participants have to work on the conversation
it doesn't involve only what is said but also how it is said

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The technical name of "phatic function" was given by

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Utterances of a certain type that go together (Goffman)

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