True

False

all of the above

the oversight of multiple layers of watchdogs.

the extensive legislation that governs a police o cer’s actions

the police organization’s internal policies and procedures

all of the above

the offence that has been committed

the persons involved

any applicable organizational policies and procedures

potential alternative outcomes

False

True

a mistake or lapse in judgment can have long-lasting e ects

inexperienced o cers o en have to make split-second decisions without the bene t of a partner’s advice and with very little super- vision

limited experience to consult in their decision-making leads to possible breach of duty

all of the above

all of the above

Environmental Factors

Individual and Situational Factors

Administrative Factors

alternatives to charging individuals ( treatment centre, etc.)

All of the above

relationship with community members

how much support officers receive in their job

social, economic, and demographic makeup of the local community

False

True

in uenced by personal thoughts, beliefs, values, and per- sonal traits

gender, age, and demeanour of the suspect

All of the above

level of experience

Addressing Economic Realities

All of the above

Compassion

Protecting the Safety of Police Officers

Working with the Community

All of the above

Use of force

Crime prevention

Arrests and enforcement

Discrimination: Direct, Indirect, and Systemic

All of the above

Mistakes and Misjudgment

Uncertainty Caused by Changing Norms

False

True

False

True