Cardiovascular Pathology

cardiovascular-pathology

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Pytanie 1 of 1

Pozostały Czas

467209

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What is the most widely recognised genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease?

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Chromosome 9p21 is the most widely recognised genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease

467130

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Less than 24 hours after a myocardial infarction (MI), what can be used to identify a MI has taken place?

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Immunohistochemistry of C9 complement fraction can be used to identify whether a myocardial infarction has taken place, after less than 24 hours have passed. Complement activation is caused by C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP and complement are important mediators of tissue damage in acute MI.

467132

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What does a thrombus consist of?

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- Endothelial cells, myofibroblasts and macrophages (histiocytes) are the components that granulation tissue is made up of (inflammation) - Fibrin, platelets and (entrapped) RBCs (+ serum) are all components of a thrombus - All other options are combinations of the components of thrombi and granulation tissue

467133

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A pulmonary thromboembolism is pumped from which side of the heart?

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A pulmonary thromboembolism is pumped from the right side of the heart - entering the pulmonary circulation

467134

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What type of necrosis occurs in myocardial infarctions (MIs)?

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There are six types of necrosis: 1. Gangrenous necrosis - cell death caused by a combination of infarction and infection 2. Coagulative - cell death caused by ischaemia/infarction, the cell architecture of the dead tissue is preserved for a couple of days, e.g. MI 3. Liquefactive - cell death that results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass, e.g. stroke in the brain 4. Caseous - cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance, e.g. tuberculosis of the lung 5. Fibrinoid 6. Fat Fibrinoid and fat were not covered in the lectures, so highly doubt its relevant for the exam

467135

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Where is the commonest site for an aneurysm to occur?

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The commonest site for an aneurysm to occur is in the infrarenal abdominal aorta

467136

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What is the B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) used to diagnose? And what is its pathogenesis?

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BNP is a hormone released into the plasma, and produced by stressed myocytes in cardiac failure, hence it is used to diagnose cardiac failure

467417

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What sign will be seen on an ECG of a patient with a sustained, complete occlusion in a transmural myocardial infarction?

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This type of infarction is known as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

467418

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A transmural, anterolateral myocardial infarction will result from the occlusion of which artery?

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LCA infarctions result in the anterolateral area of the heart becoming infarcted

467188

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A bifid uvula is indicative of what condition?

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A bifid uvula is indicative of a thoracic aortic aneurysm, this is a dissecting aneurysm, caused by degeneration of the media in most cases

Cardiovascular Pathology

Pytanie 1 of 1

Pozostały Czas

What is the most widely recognised genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease?

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Wyjaśnienie

Less than 24 hours after a myocardial infarction (MI), what can be used to identify a MI has taken place?

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Wyjaśnienie

What does a thrombus consist of?

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A pulmonary thromboembolism is pumped from which side of the heart?

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Wyjaśnienie

What type of necrosis occurs in myocardial infarctions (MIs)?

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Where is the commonest site for an aneurysm to occur?

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What is the B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) used to diagnose? And what is its pathogenesis?

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What sign will be seen on an ECG of a patient with a sustained, complete occlusion in a transmural myocardial infarction?

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A transmural, anterolateral myocardial infarction will result from the occlusion of which artery?

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A bifid uvula is indicative of what condition?

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