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True or False: The survival of the poorest competitor when two types compete can be determined using the equation An = as^(n-1), where... An = the proportion of the poorest competitor in the nth generation a = initial proportion of the poorest competitor s = selective index (0-1.0)

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False

True

none

True or False: Individuals of a self-pollinated species within a bulk breeding program will continue to experience gain from selection each year that the bulk population is planted.

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Uitleg

The individuals will not experience gain from selection after achieving homozygosity. Once homozygosity is reached, competitive abilities of the lines may alter the proportion of each line in the population, but will not alter the frequency of favorable alleles in the progeny resulting from homozygous lines.

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True

False

none

Which of the following types of observations may be used to evaluate a bulk population to observe whether the population is experiencing natural selection?

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Evaluation of certain individual families as an index of population change

Evaluation of an individual line as an index of population change

Evaluation of phenotypic frequencies in succeeding generations

Evaluation of the population in a new environment

Evaluation using a treatment not previously applied to the population

Evaluation of the phenotypes of a sample of the bulk population

none

True or False: The bulk breeding method will not alter the proportion of genotypes in a population of mixed pure lines.

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True

False

none

Which of the following are important considerations when developing a base population for recurrent selection?

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Utilize number of parents that should exhibit the best performance for the trait under selection

Parents should be diverse, representing the maximum range of variability for the trait of interest.

Consider the number of generations in which you plan to conduct recurrent selection, with short term and long term goals.

All of the other answers are correct

Use optimum number of parents without including too many that possess levels of inferiority

none

Match the genetic marker type with the description:

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Controleer Volgorde Van Antwoorden

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Morphological Markers
Isozyme Markers
DNA Markers

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Alternative forms of enzymes that often differ in electrophoretic mobility, but have the same enzyme activity. Detected on a starch gel.
Easily discernible traits with simple Mendelian inheritance; often have 1:1 correspondence with the genes controlling the traits.
A small region of DNA sequence showing polymorphism (deletion, insertion, and base substitution) in different individuals; detected by Southern blotting or PCR

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none

Match the DNA marker with the description:

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RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)
RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA)
AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism)
Mini- and micro-satellite
SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)
STS (sequence-tagged sites)
SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region)
ISSR

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Variations detected by PCR amplification of random genomic DNA segments with single primers (usually 10 nts) of arbitrary sequence; variation caused by mutations at primer annealing sites and indels within amplified fragments
Variations in the number of repeats within mini (15-70 bp, < 1000 repeats) and micro (2-5 bp, <100 repeats, SSRs) satellites;
Variation of a single base-pair between individuals, very common; detected by sequencing
A short, unique fragment of DNA with known sequence, often developed from cDNA; Polymorphism generated in length differences in amplified fragments and restriction site differences within amplified fragments (CAPs)
Variations occurring within a species in the length of DNA fragments generated by a specific restriction endonuclease; variations caused by mutations at restriction sites or indels between adjacent restriction sites
Often converted from RAPD markers; sequence both ends of the polymorphic RAPD fragments; design a pair of longer primers (over 20 nt) for specific PCR amplifications of the polymorphic fragment
Variation detected by PCR amplification of a subset of DNA fragments generated by restriction endonuclease digestion; PCR primer pairs are designed so that only a subset of fragments are selectively amplified; variations are caused by mutations at primer annealing sites and indels within amplified fragments
Variations detected in PCR amplified fragments using simple sequence repeat (microsatellite) as primers; anchored primers anneal at specific regions outside of the repeat and detect the SSR polymorphis

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none

_____________ breeding is a method of breeding that relies on natural selection to increase the frequency of favorable alleles in a population. This method is useful for the selection of traits that are associated with competitiveness or survival. This method may be most useful in circumstances where resources are limited or the area of production is far away from the breeder.

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(0/0)

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Controleer Alle Antwoorden

none

________________ is a method of selection that does not maintain the identity of individuals selected, but focuses on selecting positively for or negatively against specific traits. Most plants selected using this method will be retained as an improved variety in the case of self-pollinated crops or as a means of increasing the frequency of favorable genes in the case of cross-pollinated crops. This selection method can be performed using direct or indirect approaches.

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(0/0)

Controleer Alle Antwoorden

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Antwoord Nakijken

---

Controleer Alle Antwoorden

none

Which of the following are limitations to the use of recurrent selection in self-pollinated crops?

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Must delay selection of quantitative traits until later generations

Methods for facilitating outcrossing may not be practical and may introduce a new trait under selection

Risk of running out of genetic variability due to closed RS system

All of the other answers are correct

Limited number of seed produced per cross

Degree of difficulty in making crosses

none

Advantages of single seed descent include...

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rapid inbreeding

efficient use of dominant variance

natural selection in target environments

use of non-target environments

efficient use of additive and epistatic variance

evaluation in each generation

none

Which of the following statements are true regarding the bulk breeding method?

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Natural selection may favor more vigorous plants and increased seed number

The environment plays a major role in the increase or decrease of relative proportions of genotypes in the population

Competitive ability may be linked to lower seed yield

Natural selection may favor improved quality characteristics

The environment is largely unimportant for natural selection

Competitive ability may be linked to important traits of which the breeder may not be aware, such as winter hardiness

none

Indirect mass selection is practiced when heritability for a trait is ________ and the genetic correlation between two traits under selection is _______.

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(0/0)

Controleer Alle Antwoorden

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Antwoord Nakijken

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none

_____________ are landmarks of a genome.

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(0/0)

Controleer Alle Antwoorden

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Antwoord Nakijken

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Controleer Alle Antwoorden

none

The purpose of ____________________ is to rapidly advance segregating populations through selfing to a suitable level of inbreeding prior to selection and evaluation.

Selecteer de juiste antwoorden  

(0/0)

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mass breeding

recurrent selection

pedigree breeding

single seed descent

bulk breeding