Less traction on the neurovascular bundles as they are released

Preservation of anterior nerve fibers

Less blood loss

More soft tissue on the prostate

Better visualization of the location of the cancer

Use of finger dissection to release the prostate posteriorly

Downward displacement of the prostate with a sponge stick

Dissection with the sucker

Use of a sponge stick to roll the prostate on its side

Traction on the catheter, producing upward rotation of the apex of the prostate

Using finger dissection to fracture the neurovascular bundle from the prostate

Using electrocautery to separate the neurovascular bundle from the prostate

Using sharp dissection, laterally dissecting toward the rectum

Elevation of the prostate with traction on the Foley catheter

Right-angle dissection beginning on the posterior surface of the prostate and dissecting anterolaterally

When perineural invasion is identified on the needle biopsy specimen

When the patient is found to have a positive biopsy result at the apex

When the prostate has been removed and tissue covering the posterolateral surface of the prostate is thought to be inadequate

When the neurovascular bundle is being released from the prostate and fixation is identified

When the Partin tables indicate a greater than 50% chance of extraprostatic extension

Apical branch

Capsular branch

Posterior branch

Seminal branch

Bladder neck branch

Releasing attachments of the bladder to the peritoneum

Placing the Foley catheter on traction postoperatively

Using vest sutures

Releasing the urethra from the pelvic floor

Creating an anterior bladder neck flap

Inflate a Foley balloon and place traction on it

Divide the dorsal vein complex completely over the urethra and oversew the end

Ligate the hypogastric arteries

Abandon the operation and close the incision

Deflate the Foley catheter

to repair the rectal injury in two layers.

to create a loop colostomy.

to create a Hartman pouch.

to ensure interposition of the omentum following repair of the injury.

to create an end colostomy.

administer fresh frozen plasma.

perform re-exploration.

place the Foley catheter on traction.

serially monitor the patient in an intensive care unit setting.

avoid re-exploration because it might damage the anastomosis.

Evert the bladder mucosa

Use vest sutures

Use a sponge stick in the perineum

Use a Babcock clamp to hold the bladder down

Hold the catheter on traction while tying the sutures

Detrusor instability

Failure to reconstruct the bladder neck

Bladder neck contracture

Intrinsic sphincter deficiency

Injury to the neurovascular bundles

no increase in biochemical recurrence.

increased rate of pelvic abscess.

none of the above.

improved early and late urinary control.

improved erectile function in the majority of men.

decreased surgical margins.

improved long-term urinary control.

improved erectile function.

none of the above.

improved anastomotic stricture rate.

57%

13%

9%

0.26

38%

above the bladder neck and below the pubic arch.

in a circle to enhance nerve growth factor release.

in reverse to the natural position (proximal to distal and distal to proximal).

next to the prostatectomy specimen in the pelvis until it is time for anastomosis.

end to end on the ipsilateral side from the tumor.