Glaciology

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Tempo Rimasto

Microbes and Nutrients Reading

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Dieser et al. 2010 (Antarctica)*
Yallop et al. 2012 (Greenland)
Laybourn et al. 2012 (ice sheets)*
Hawkins et al. 2016 (Greenland)
Benning et al. 2014
Takeuchi et al. 2013
Vetake et al. 2010
Bagshaw et al. 2001
Skidmore et al. 2000
Barletta and Roe 2011
Siegert et al. 2002

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Pigment Study: carotenoid pigment increased resistence to freeze thaw and solar radiation. Antarctic bacteria have increased resistance.
P released = Mississippi = 400,000tons p/yr
subglacial lake = low nutrient, low microbial diversity
Darkening of ice reduces albedo and increases melt
Warming up, microbes up
Volcanisms releases water full of microbes into the glacier. volcanoes under greeland and Lake Vostok (Antarctica)
solute conc cryoconite holes = respiration autumn, photosynthesis summer
more algae, higher altitudes, flushed at lower
3 macro environments: in vien, on grain surface, in ice crystal
Ice algae abundant below the snow line. moves with the line
Glacier bed: aerobes o2 from o2 rich basal melt of supraglacial melt