use of an ultrasensitive gamma ray detection probe.

routine inguinal exploration in the absence of radiotracer visualization.

preoperative inguinal ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration of any abnormal-appearing nodes.

extended pathologic analysis of excised lymph nodes.

intraoperative palpation of the wound for abnormal nodes.

The saphenous vein is preserved.

The node dissection excludes regions lateral to the femoral artery and caudad to the fossa ovalis.

The transposition of the sartorius muscle is eliminated.

The required incision is longer.

Decreased morbidity.

A laparoscopic approach has not been reported.

The femoral nerve is visualized superior to the iliacus fascia.

Rotation of the gracilis muscle is performed to cover the exposed femoral vessels.

The saphenous vein may be preserved in the setting of low-volume disease.

The fascia lata remains intact.

external iliac nodes.

distal common iliac nodes.

para-aortic and paracaval node dissection.

obturator group of nodes.

a and b

Low-dose heparin in the perioperative period

A 6-week delay between treatment of the primary tumor and the node dissection

Postoperative bed rest and elastic stockings

Obliteration of dead space during wound closure

Preservation of Colles fascia in the flap dissection