Less blood loss

Better visualization of the location of the cancer

Less traction on the neurovascular bundles as they are released

Preservation of anterior nerve fibers

More soft tissue on the prostate

Traction on the catheter, producing upward rotation of the apex of the prostate

Dissection with the sucker

Use of finger dissection to release the prostate posteriorly

Use of a sponge stick to roll the prostate on its side

Downward displacement of the prostate with a sponge stick

Right-angle dissection beginning on the posterior surface of the prostate and dissecting anterolaterally

Using sharp dissection, laterally dissecting toward the rectum

Elevation of the prostate with traction on the Foley catheter

Using finger dissection to fracture the neurovascular bundle from the prostate

Using electrocautery to separate the neurovascular bundle from the prostate

When the patient is found to have a positive biopsy result at the apex

When the Partin tables indicate a greater than 50% chance of extraprostatic extension

When the neurovascular bundle is being released from the prostate and fixation is identified

When perineural invasion is identified on the needle biopsy specimen

When the prostate has been removed and tissue covering the posterolateral surface of the prostate is thought to be inadequate

Apical branch

Posterior branch

Capsular branch

Seminal branch

Bladder neck branch

Releasing attachments of the bladder to the peritoneum

Placing the Foley catheter on traction postoperatively

Using vest sutures

Creating an anterior bladder neck flap

Releasing the urethra from the pelvic floor

Abandon the operation and close the incision

Inflate a Foley balloon and place traction on it

Deflate the Foley catheter

Divide the dorsal vein complex completely over the urethra and oversew the end

Ligate the hypogastric arteries

to ensure interposition of the omentum following repair of the injury.

to repair the rectal injury in two layers.

to create a loop colostomy.

to create a Hartman pouch.

to create an end colostomy.

place the Foley catheter on traction.

perform re-exploration.

administer fresh frozen plasma.

avoid re-exploration because it might damage the anastomosis.

serially monitor the patient in an intensive care unit setting.

Use a sponge stick in the perineum

Evert the bladder mucosa

Use a Babcock clamp to hold the bladder down

Use vest sutures

Hold the catheter on traction while tying the sutures

Injury to the neurovascular bundles

Failure to reconstruct the bladder neck

Detrusor instability

Intrinsic sphincter deficiency

Bladder neck contracture

improved erectile function in the majority of men.

improved early and late urinary control.

none of the above.

increased rate of pelvic abscess.

no increase in biochemical recurrence.

improved long-term urinary control.

improved erectile function.

improved anastomotic stricture rate.

decreased surgical margins.

none of the above.

0.26

9%

38%

57%

13%

in a circle to enhance nerve growth factor release.

end to end on the ipsilateral side from the tumor.

above the bladder neck and below the pubic arch.

in reverse to the natural position (proximal to distal and distal to proximal).

next to the prostatectomy specimen in the pelvis until it is time for anastomosis.