brain damaged patient. could identify 85% of occupations and only name 15% so supports sequential nature of holism

22 volunteers to keep diary of times they failed to recognise someone over 8 weeks. 1008 cases and no record of knowing name with no information so supports sequential nature

scrambled face research

holism theory. face is structually encoded, then face recognition unit then person identity node and then name generation.

Holism. Face is structually encoded, then face recognition unit, then person identity node and name generation

pairs of faces which had different numbers of features and the more differences thr quicker they could identify whether the same or different, supports feature theory

brain damaged patient, 85% of occupations of familiar faces and only 15% names so supports sequential nature

investigating difficulties in facial recognition by 22 volunteers keeping a diary and recording times they failed to recognise someone. 1008 cases and no record of knowing name with no information.

Identified two types of variables effecting accuracy of EWT. System variables (increase acduracy, what police control) and estimator variables (decrease accuracy, what cannot be controlled)

Watched same video at different angles and EWT placed together to discuss and 71% reported seeing something they hadn't.

Case study of canadian thief shot three times. All EWT were incredibly accurate.

Film of vandalism. Those reminded of location had more accurat recall.

London Dungeons - anxiety decreases accuracy of memory

Film of vandalism shown. Those reminded of context had higher recall

Participants show demand characteristics to please the experimentor

Presented story and asked to recall. Gap in memory filled with racial stereotyping

showed participants pairs of faces and the morr diffrrences in features the quicker the recognition. feture theory

sequential line ups more effective than simulataneous

scrambled face research

60 years od research and no proof of repression

Exposed to fake bugs bunny cardboard cut out and 1/3 said they met him at disney land. unplausable, proves memories can be created

Weapon focus, found to decrease accuracy of memory as focus is not on perpetrator

Showed participants video of carcrash and asked if they saw a broken headlight or the broken headlight. Group with 'the' had much higher percentage of agreeing

Whether wording has affect on EWT. shown video of cars crashing and asked to estimate speed at which they hit/smashed. Those who were asked smashed had 10.6 mph speed rather than 8mph. Then asked later if there was any broken glass and 32% of smash agreed

Weapon focus decreases accuracy of memory as focus is not on perpetrator

Asked participants if they saw a broken headlight or the broken headlight. Those with the had higher percentage agreeing.

Cars crashing into eachother and asking to estimate speed at which they hit/smashed eachother. Those with smash estimated 10.6mp vs 8mph. Then asked if saw any broken glass and 32% agreed.

asked EWT and found more likely to make false identification from simultaneous line ups than sequential

found no significant difference between E fit and photo fit

Sequential line ups more effective and reduce rate of false identification when suspect is present

Found E fit was better than Evo fit after participants were to create a 4 hour composite based on memory.

Holism theory. face is structually encoded then face recognition units then person identity node then name generation.

Scrambled face research

Found no significant difference between E fit and Photo fit

London dungeons, effect of anxiety on memory. Decreases accuracy

Story presented to participants and asked to recall. Memory lacking so filled gaps and revealed racist stereotypes.

Film of vandalism shhown and those reminded of location had more accurate recall.

Two types of variables affecting EWT. system variables (increase accuracy and what police control) Estimator variables (decrease accuracy and what cannot be controlled)

Showed demand characteristics in studies in order to appear helpful

No significant difference between E fit and Photo fit

More likely to make false identifications from simultaneous line ups than sequential

E fit better than Evo fit after 4 hour composite task.

sequential line ups more effective than simultaneous as it increases chance of absolute judgement over relative judgements

Found no significant difference between E fit and Photo Fit

Found more likely to make false identification from simultaneous than sequential based on EWT

Found E fit better than Evo fit after asking participants to create 4 hour composite from memory.

Sequential line ups more effective than simultaneous as it reduces chance of relative judgements based on comparison

Tested memory for negative and neutral words. Poorer recall on negative words as repressed.

OJ Simpson trial. 23% had flashbulb memory without rehearsal and 53% with.

Devised enhanced cognitive interview. Should minimise distractions and tailor language to suit eye witness. Should speak slowly and be encouraged to relax with judgemental comments avoided. EWT description should be reviewed.

Resignation of Margaret Thatcher. 86% had highly accurate memory.

evidence from brain damaged patient remembering 85% of occupations and only 15% of names. Supportys sequential nature

22 volunteers keep diary for 8 weeks documenting any trouble with recognition. 1008 recorded and no cases of knowing names with no information.

Holism. Face is structually encoded, face recognition units, person identity node and then name generation

No significant difference between E fit and Photo fit

Presented a story to participants and gap in memory filled with racial stereotypes

London Dungeons - anxiety decreases accuracy of memory

Film of vandalism. Those reminded of location had more accurate recall

Participants show demand characteristics to appear helpful