Anatomically modern, behaviourally complex sapiens had only appeared in Africa 200,000 to 160,000 years ago

could be pushed back further, though this remains ambiguous and controversial

The antiquity of it means that it is at the limits of radiocarbon applicability

Issues of taphonomy mean that fossils of this age are scarce

It is right at the limits of radiocarbon applicability

Issues of taphonomy mean few fossils preserved from the period

migration of other, now extinct hominin, species, most notably homo erectus

the dispersal of other , now extinct hominins - most notably erectus

Homo erectus

Occurred between 1.8million years ago and 0.7 million years ago (Bar Yosef and Belfer Cohen, 2001)

Based on lack of techno-morphological continuity in fossil records, it is likely to have occurred in three waves

Dispersal of now extinct hominins into Eurasia, probably in three waves

the lack of techno-morphological continuity in lithic records (Bar-Yosef and Belfer-Cohen, 2001)

entirely sucessful

It is likely that several migratory lines became extinct

there are clear gaps in the Mid and Late Pleistocene regional sequences

There are clear gaps in Mid and Late Pleistocene regional sequences