warms inhaled air

serves as a resonating chamber that amplifies the voice

all of the above

detects odors in the airstream

B. The respiratory membrane is a blood are barrier that has blood flowing past on one side and gas out other

Both b and c

A. Aspirated foreign objects lodge in the left main bronchus more often than the right

C. The trachea is supported by C-shaped of hyaline cartilage

A. The laryngopharynx serves as a passageway for food only

Both b and c

C. The esophagus is located in front of the trachea

B.The laryngopharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium

The absolute pressure in this respiratory region is 756 mm Hg

This respiratory pressure is 4 less than atmospheric pressure

none of the above

Both a and b

Both a and b

A. Alveolar macrophages keeps the alveoli free of debris

none of the above

B. Between meals, hepatocytes breaks down stored glycogen and releases glucose into the blood

none of the above

segmental (tertiary) bronchi

trachea

Main (primary) bronchi

none of the above

Type II alveolar cells

Alveolar macrophages

Type I alveolar cells

False

True

Surfactant increases the surface tension of alveolar fluid

Surfactant is a detergent-like lipid and protein complex

Slow, shallow breathing increases (CO2) in the blood and as a result, carbonic acid levels increases and blood pH drops

Intrapleural pressure (Pip) is the pressure in the pleural cavity

none of the above

Henry’s Law

Boyle’s Law

Dalton's Law of Partial pressure

The pontine Respiratory Centers can never modify the activity of the VRG (Ventral Respiratory Group)

The respiratory mucosa is a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, containing scattered goblets cells

bOth a and b

Gas exchanges that occur between blood & alveoli and between blood & tissue cells take place by diffusion

two heme groups carry O2

three heme groups carry O2

one heme group carries O2

all four heme groups carry O2

A. Both the intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) and Intrapleural (Pip) fluctuates with breathing

Both a and b

C. External respiration is not influenced by ventilation-perfusion coupling

B. External respiration is influenced by the thickness and surface area of the respiratory membrane

passive process, less on

active process, less on

passive process, more on

active process, more on

We produce 2 to 3 liters of gastric juice per day (produced by the gastric gland)

The difference between the Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) and the Intrapleural pressure (Pip) is called Transpulmonary pressure

The outrush of HCO3- from RBCs can be balanced as CT- moves into RBCs from plasma

The amount of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity must remain minimal to maintain a positive Pip (Intrapleural pressure)