Philosphy "Questions that Matter" Ch1

philosphy-questions-that-matter-ch1

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A claim that is justified, if at all, through an appeal to something other than or different than reason. Authority, feeling, intuition, religious illumination, mystical experience, and the like.

Norational

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Different from irrational

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A claim that is contrary to reason.

Irrational

Explanation

Different from nonrational

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The belief in basic assumptions or faith assertions that are known with certainty as the foundations of all our other ideas but themselves cannot be proved.

Foundationnalism

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An attempt to show something is true by showing evidence of it: Premises, conclusion, inference.

Argument

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An argument that reasons from the whole to the part (all humans are mortal > Socrates is mortal)

Deductive

Explanation

An argument based on a guarantee; if the premise is true, the argument *must* be true - it is a matter of necessity.

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An argument that reasons from the part to the whole (Socrates is mortal > All humans are mortal)

Inductive

Explanation

"Induce" to persuade; based on probability, if this argument is true, the conclusion is *probably* true.

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One of the most common forms of deductive argument, with two premises and a conclusion.

Syllogism

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Philosphy "Questions that Matter" Ch1

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