insect

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201735

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600

block

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diapause
dichoptic
diptera
distal
dorsal
dorsal vessel

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an order of insects possessing only a single pair of functional wings and a pair of halteres
upper surface. the side of the body opposite from where the legs project
the condition in which there is a wide gap between the eyes; typical of female diptera
delayed development controlled by environmental conditions
at or near the furthest end from the attachment of an appendage
a longitudinal tube which acts as the main pump for haemolymph

201745

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glossary E

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ecdysis
eclosion
ectoparasite
endemic
endocuticle
endopterygota
epicuticle
epidermis
epimorphic
exocuticle
exopterygota
exoskeleton

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characterised by incomplete metamorphosis, having the same number of body segments in successive stages
winged insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis, the wings developing externally in the immature stages and becoming fully functional in the adults
the inextensible outermost layer of cuticle
the outer body layer, also known as the integument or cuticle
native or restricted to a particular geographic area
in arthropods the epidermis is the inner living layer of the integument which produces the cuticle
a parasite that lives externally on the host
the process of casting off the cuticle in the final stage of moulting
winged insects which have complete metamorphosis, the wings developing only within the pupa
the flexible, unsclerotised inner layer of the procuticle
hatch from the egg
the rigid, sclerotised outer layer of the procuticle

201749

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glossary F & G

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facet
family
femur
foregut
frons
Gena
genitalia
genus

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outer layer of the ommatidia that compose the compound eyes of arthropods
in diptera: the segment of the leg between the trochanter and tibia, or, if the trochanter is fused with the femur, between the coxa and tibia. In Acari, the segment between the trochanter and genu.
an area at the side of the head of insects
the taxonomic ranking between order and genus
the part of the gut lying between the mouth and the midgut
taxonomic ranking between family and species
ectodermally derived structures of both sexes associated with reproduction
the front (media-anterior) part of the insect head

201750

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glossary H

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haemocoel
hameoglobin
haemolymph
haltere
head
hemimetabolous
hind
hindgut
holometabolous
holoptic
hypopygium

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club shaped, reduced hindwing of diptera, used as a sensory aid for balancing during flight
developmental pathway of insects in which there is complete metamorphosis, the body form of the juvenile stages (larvae) changing abruptly at the pupal moult
the main body cavity of arthropods
the anterior of the three major divisions of an insect body
the developmental pathway of insects showing gradual change from moult to moult, the juvenile stages (nymphs) transforming directly into the adult without a distinct morphologically-distich pupal stage, and wing pads developing externally.
the condition in which there is a narrow gap between the eyes, typical of male diptera
an iron-containing protein present within red blood cells which carries oxygen around the body
the posterior section of the gut, extending from the midgut to the anus
the fluid filling the haemocoel
at or towards the posterior
a part of the external genital apparatus of male flies, known as the penis.

201787

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glossary I, J & K

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imago
insect
instar
integument
juvenile hormone
kairomone

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a chemical used in communication, to the benefit of the receiver and which may be to the disadvantage of the producer
adult insect
a hormone released by the corpora allata into the haemolymph, involved in many aspects of insect physiology, including moulting
arthropod of the class insecta
the epidermis plus cuticle
a stage in the lifecycle of an arthropod, such as an egg, larva, pupa, adult

201798

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gloassry L

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labella
labial palp
labium
labrum
lacinia
larva
larviparous
lateral

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a paired organ (singular labellum), forming lobes at the apex of the proboscis, derived from the labial palps
reproduction in which the egg hatches within the female and the larva is deposited
a segmented appendage of the labium
the mesal lobe of the maxillary stipes
forming the floor of the mouthparts (a lower 'lip'), often with a pair of palms and two pairs of median lobes
forming the roof of the pre oral cavity (an 'upper lip')
at. or close to, the sides
an immature insect life cycle stage which follows exclusion from the egg. usually applied to insects with complete metamorphosis

201806

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glossary M

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macrotrichiae
maggot
malpighian tubes
mandible
maxilla
maxillary palp
mechanical transfer
medial
mesothorax
metamorphosis
metathorax
microtrachiae
midgut
moulting
myiasis

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the second segment of the thorax
a segmented sensory appendage borne on the steps of the maxilla
infestation of the tissues of a living host by fly larvae
a trochoid sensillum, seta or hair, on the wings of insects, particularly ceratopogonid midges.
thin, blind ending tubule, originating near the junction of the mid- and handgun, involved in nitrogenous waste excretion and water regulation
the movement of pathogens by passive transfer, with no biological vector
towards the middle
the third segment of the thorax
small extensions of the cuticle on the wings of some insects
the middle section of the gut
the relatively abrupt change in body form between the immature and sexually mature, adult stage
the formation of new cuticle followed by ecdysis
the second pair of jaws in chewing insects
the jaws in biting and chewing insects. may be a needle-like piercing organ, as in mosquitos or tooth-like as in chewing lice
a legless, larval insect, usually applied to immature stages of clorrhaphous diptera

201818

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840

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gloassry N & O

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necrophagous
nulliparous
nymph
ocelli
oesophegus
ommatidium
ostium
ovariole
ovary
ovigerous
oviparous
ovipositor
ovoviviparity

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an egg-producing female mite
all immature stages in insects with incomplete metamorphosis
ovarian tubes that form the ovary and in which the egg follicles develop prior to ovulation
a single element of the compound eye
reproduction in which eggs are laid
the simple eye of some adult and nymphal arthropods
the organ used for laying eggs
the foregut that lies anterior to the pharynx and anterior to the crop
a slit-like opening in the dorsal vessel allowing the one-way movement of haemolymph from the pericardial sinus to the dorsal vessel
one of the paired gonads of female arthropods, usually composed of a number of ovarioles
retention of the developing fertilised egg within the female arthropod; similar to viviparity but with no nutrition of the hatched young
a female that has not yet oviposited
eating dead and/or decaying animal matter

201829

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glossary P

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palps
parasite
parasitoid
parous
parthenogenesis
pathogen
pericardial sinus
pertitrophic membrane
pharate
pharynx
pheromone
phoresy
pleuron
posterior
postscutellum
prestomal teeth
pretarsus
proboscis
pronotum
prothorax
provetriculus
proximal
pseudotrachea
ptilinum
pupa
pupariation
puparium
pupation

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paired segmented organs associated with the maxilla (maxillary palps) and labium
a parasite which causes disease
the first segment of the thorax
a general term for elongate mouthparts
the upper (dorsal) plate of the prothorax
the last segment of the leg of mites
the body of an animal furthest from the head
the grinding organ of the foregut
the process of becoming a pupa
an organism that lives at the expense of another (host) which it does not kill
at or near the end of attachment of an appendage
a sac everted from a suture between the antennae of schizophoran diptera
a female that has laid at least one egg
a parasite that kills its host
the inactive stage between larva and adult in holometabolous insects
the process of puparium formation
the body compartment that contains the dorsal vessel
the hardened skin of the final stage larva of higher, cyclorrhaphous diptera in which the pupa forms
structures at the end of the labella of some dipterous flies
cloaked (one stadium remaining within the unecdysed cuticle of the previous stadium; more commonly applied to the pharate adult, which may remain within the pupal cuticle
a ridged groove on the ventral surface of the labellum of some higher diptera
the lateral region of the body, bearing the limb bases
the movement of one animal by attachment to another animal
the anterior part of the foregut
a film-like structure composed of chitin and proteins that separates food from midgut tissue. it protects the epithelium against food abrasion
a projecting posterior area of the thorax of diptera underneath the scutellum
a chemical used in the communication between individuals of the same species
development from an unfertilised egg

202110

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glossary Q and R

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quiescent
resillin
retinula cell
rhabdom
rhabdomere
rhinitis

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a rubber-like protein in some insect cuticle
inflammation of the internal surface of the nose
the central zone of the retinal consisting of microvilli filled with visual pigment
temporarily inactive
one of typically eight units, comprising a rhabdom
a sensory cell of the light receptors, ommatidia or ocelli, comprising a rhabdom of rhabdomeres

202126

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glossary S

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saprophagous
scape
sclerite
sclerotised
scrutellum
scutum
seminal vessel
semiochemical
seta
species
spine
spiracle
squamae
stadium
stemma
sternum
stipes
suture

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the simple eye of many larval insects
feeding on decaying organisms
the period between moults
the ventral surface of a segment
the sclerotised plate on the dorsal surface of iodide hard ticks, also known as the dorsal shield
a plate on the body wall surrounded by membrane or sutures
the first segment of the antenna of insects
an external opening of the tracheal system
a long, thin, cuticular extension, produced by an epidermal cell, flexible at the base; may be called a hair, large setae are called bristles
a group of organisms that can interbreed in natural populations producing fully fertile offspring
any chemical used in intra and interspecific communication
membraneous flaps at the base of the wings of diptera, typically the alula, the alar squama and the thoracic squama (also known as calypters)
male sperm storage organs
an area of the thorax of dipterous flies at the posterior dorsal margin between the wings
a groove on the arthropod that may show the fusion of two exoskeletal plates
an unjointed cuticular extension
the distal part of the maxilla
cuticle hardened by cross-linkage of protein chains

202142

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glossary T

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tagma
tarsomere
tarsus
tegmina
teneral
tergum
thorax
tibia
tormogen cell
trachaea
tracheole
transverse
trichogen cell

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fine tubules of the gas exchange system in insects and some acari
in insects, the fourth leg segment following the femur; in acari, the fifth leg segment following the menu
a subdivision of the tarsus
a tubular element of the gas exchange system in insects and some acari
the leg segment distal to the tibia, bearing the pre tarsus, in insects composed of up to five tarsomeres
a hair forming epidermal cell associated with a seta
the condition of a newly emerged, not yet fully mature, adult insect
the group of segments that form a major body unit (head, thorax, abdomen)
at right angles to the longitudinal axis
the dorsal surface of a segment
the middle of the three major body divisions of insects; composed of the pro-, meso-, and metathorax
the socket forming epidermal cell associated with a seta
literally a covering, usually applied to the thickened forewings of grasshoppers, crickets, earwigs, mantids, and cockroaches which are protective in function and not used for flying

202143

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glossary V and W

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vas deferens
vector
vein
ventral
vitellogenesis
viviparity
wax layer

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an arthropod that transmits a pathogenic organism
the ducts that carry sperm from the testis
tubes of cuticle in a network which support the wings of insects
towards or at the lower surface
producing live offspring
the lipid or waxy layer outside the epicuticle of some arthropods
the process by which oocytes grow by yolk deposition

201713

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glossary A

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abdomen
accessory gland
adenotrophic viviparity
aedeagus
alate
ametabolous
anautogenous
antenna
anterior
apodeme
apolysis
apterous
arista
arthropod
autogenous

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without wings, used to describe primitive, wingless insects
an ingrowth of the exoskeleton to which muscles are attached
lacking metamorphosis; immature stages lacking only genitalia
a paired segmented sensory organ which protrudes anteroom-dorsally from the head near the eyes
located towards the front of the animal
requiring an initial protein meal to initiate vitellogenesis and mature eggs
able to mature eggs as an adult without an initial protein meal
the production of live offspring, where eggs are retained within the female oviduct until the larvae are mature at which stage they are laid and immediately pupate
an animal in the phylum arthropoda, characterised by the presence of a segmented body, an exoskeleton, jointed limbs, tagmatisation, a dorsal blood vessel, a hoemocoel and a ventral nerve cord
the separation of the old from the new cuticle during moulting
part of the antenna of cyclorrhaphous flies which protrudes from the third antennal segment
the third major division of the insect body
a gland opening into the genital chamber
possessing wings
male copulatory organ

201726

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glossary C

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caudal
cell
cerci
chitin
choriogenesis
clypeus
compound eye
coprophagous
cornea
costa
coxa
crop
cross-veins
cuticle

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an area of the wing membrane of an insect partially or completely surrounded by veins
an aggregation of ommatidia each acting as a single facet of the eye
feeding on dung or excrement
the basal (first) leg segment
at or towards the anal end of an animal
the major component of arthropod cuticle, a polysaccharide composed of acetylglucosamine and glucosamine sub-units
part of the insect head below the frons to which the labrum is attached anteriorly
production of the eggshell and its associated membranes (the chorion)
the external skeletal structure secreted by the epidermis, composed of chitin and protein
the food storage area of the digestive system, posterior to the oesophagus
a pair of appendages originating from abdominal segment 11
transverse wing veins that link the longitudinal veins
the most anterior longitudinal wing vein
cuticle covering the eye or ocelots

insect

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glossary D

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diapause

dichoptic

diptera

distal

dorsal

dorsal vessel

an order of insects possessing only a single pair of functional wings and a pair of halteres

upper surface. the side of the body opposite from where the legs project

the condition in which there is a wide gap between the eyes; typical of female diptera

delayed development controlled by environmental conditions

at or near the furthest end from the attachment of an appendage

a longitudinal tube which acts as the main pump for haemolymph

glossary E

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ecdysis

eclosion

ectoparasite

endemic

endocuticle

endopterygota

epicuticle

epidermis

epimorphic

exocuticle

exopterygota

exoskeleton

characterised by incomplete metamorphosis, having the same number of body segments in successive stages

winged insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis, the wings developing externally in the immature stages and becoming fully functional in the adults

the inextensible outermost layer of cuticle

the outer body layer, also known as the integument or cuticle

native or restricted to a particular geographic area

in arthropods the epidermis is the inner living layer of the integument which produces the cuticle

a parasite that lives externally on the host

the process of casting off the cuticle in the final stage of moulting

winged insects which have complete metamorphosis, the wings developing only within the pupa

the flexible, unsclerotised inner layer of the procuticle

hatch from the egg

the rigid, sclerotised outer layer of the procuticle

glossary F & G

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facet

family

femur

foregut

frons

Gena

genitalia

genus

outer layer of the ommatidia that compose the compound eyes of arthropods

in diptera: the segment of the leg between the trochanter and tibia, or, if the trochanter is fused with the femur, between the coxa and tibia. In Acari, the segment between the trochanter and genu.

an area at the side of the head of insects

the taxonomic ranking between order and genus

the part of the gut lying between the mouth and the midgut

taxonomic ranking between family and species

ectodermally derived structures of both sexes associated with reproduction

the front (media-anterior) part of the insect head

glossary H

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haemocoel

hameoglobin

haemolymph

haltere

head

hemimetabolous

hind

hindgut

holometabolous

holoptic

hypopygium

club shaped, reduced hindwing of diptera, used as a sensory aid for balancing during flight

developmental pathway of insects in which there is complete metamorphosis, the body form of the juvenile stages (larvae) changing abruptly at the pupal moult