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Each of the following are features of the interior of the bladder, EXCEPT:

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Intrabulbular fossa

Trigone

Urethral orifices

Interureteric ridge

Trabeculae

none

Renal medullary cells are protected from the hypertonicity of urine by:

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Intracellular osmotic factors such as sorbitol, betaine, inositol, taurine, and glycerophosphocholine (GPC).

Increased activity of the urea transported UT-A.

Increased Na/2Cl/K activity in the thick aLH.

Intracellular urea.

Decreased transcription factor TonEBP.

none

Which of these statements about the right renal vein are true?

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It is crossed anteriorly by the inferior mesenteric artery.

It lies posterior to the right renal artery.

It lies anterior to the right renal pelvis.

It lies posterior to the tail of pancreas.

It lies at the root of the leniorenal ligament.