Weapon focus decreases accuracy of memory as focus is not perpetrator

Scrambled face research

London dungeons - anxiety decreases accuracy of memory

Case study of canadian theif shot 6 times. EWT had extremely accurate recall

Particpants exposed to fake cardboard bugs bunny. 1/3 remembered meeting him at disney land. unplausable, created memories

Weapon focus - accuracy of memory decreases as focus is not on perpetrator

Participants asked if they saw a broken headlight or the broken headlight. Those with the had higher percentage of agreeing

Shown video of car crash and asked to estimate speed at which they hit/smashed eachother. Those who smashed estimated 10.6 mph vs 8mph. Then asked if there was any broken glass and 32% agreed.

found sequential line ups more effective and reduce rate of false identification when suspect is not present

Film of vandlism. Those reminded of location had higher recall.

Two types of variables affecting EWT. system variables (increase accuracy and what police control) Estimator varibales (decrease accuracy and what cannot be controlled)

asked EWT and found more likely to give false identification from simultaneous lineups than sequential

Although particularly efficient, there are no special mechanisms involved in flash bulb memories and can be used in any memory

9, 13 and 17 year olds tested for memory accuracy. Younger did less well than older and so are unreliable EWT

Viewed violent crime and interviewed 48 hours later. 29 accurate statements with standard interview and 41 with cognitive interview

OJ Simpson trial. 23% flashbulb with no rehearsal and 53% with

Although particularly efficient, the encoding taking place in flash bulb memory has no special mechanism involved and can be a part of any memory

Devised enhanced cognitive interview. Should minimise distractions and tailor language to suit eye witness. Should speak slowly and be encouraged to relax with judgemental comments avoided. EWT description should be reviewed.

9, 13 and 17 year olds exposed to staged theft. younger children had less accurate memory than older so cannot be trusted as EWT

Resignation of Margaret Thatcher. 86% had flash bulb memory.

Case study of canadian thief shot 6 times. All EWT had extremely accurate memory.

Recovered memory syndrome is a myth and repression does not exist.

Case study. 129 girls who'd been sexually abused interviewed 17 years later. 38% denied abuse.

60 years of research and no evidence of repression

Although particularly efficient, there are no special mechanisms involved in flash bulb memories and can be used in any memory

9, 13 and 17 year olds tested for memory accuracy. Younger children performed less well than older an so arent reliable EWT

Devised enhanced cognitive interview. Should minimise distractions and tailor language to suit eye witness. Should speak slowly and be encouraged to relax with judgemental comments avoided. EWT description should be reviewed.

OJ Simspon trial. 23% had accurate memory without rehearsal and 53% with.

Participants completed life events inventory asking whether they had been bullied. Those who said no particpated in a dream analysis session and later said they had been severely bullied during their childhood.

60 years of research and no evidence of repression

129 girls who had been sexually abused interviewed 17 years later and 38% denied abuse

Recovered memory syndrome is a myth and repression does not exist

Recovered memory syndrome is a myth and repression does not exist.

Participants completed life events inventory asking whether they had been bullied. Those who said no particpated in a dream analysis session and later said they had been severely bullied during their childhood.

129 girls who had been sexually abused from aged 10-12 interviewed 17 years later. 38% denied abuse.

60 years of research and found no evidence of repression

Although particularly efficient, there is no special mechanism involved in flash bulb memories and can be involved in any memory

Participants shown video of violent crime and interviewed 48 hours later. 29 accurate statements with standard interview and 41 with cognitive interview.

Devised enhanced cognitive interview. Should minimise distractions and tailor language to suit eye witness. Should speak slowly and be encouraged to relax with judgemental comments avoided. EWT description should be reviewed.

OJ Simpson trial. 23% had flashbulb memory with no rehearsal and 53% with rehearsal. Suggests rehearsal neccesary.

Tested memory for negative and neutral words. Asked to free recall and lower recall of negatively emotional words.

Although particularly efficient, there are no special mechanisms involved in flash bulb memories and can be used in any memory

Participants asked to learn pairs of associated words and some had electric shock. Words with electric shock had lower recall and so maybe repressed.

9, 13 and 17 year olds tested for memory accuracy. Younger performed less well than older and so are unreliable EWT

Presented story to participants and gaps in memory were filled with racial stereotypes

129 girls who had been sexually abused interviewed 17 years later. 38% denied abuse.

Film of vandalism shown. Those reminded of context had higher memory

EWT in real life. Canadian thief shot 6 times and all EW had extremely accurate memory

Participants viewed violent crime and interviewed 48 hours later. 29 accurate statements with standard interview and 41 with cognitive interview

Resignation of Margaret Thatcher. 86% had flash bulb memories.

Devised enhanced cognitive interview. Should minimise distractions and tailor language to suit eye witness. Should speak slowly and be encouraged to relax with judgemental comments avoided. EWT description should be reviewed.

OJ Simpson trial. 23% had flash bulb memories without rehearsal and 53% with.

Asked EWT and found simultaneous line ups had more false identificstions because relative judgements.

Film of vandalism shown. Those reminded of context had higher memory

Presented story to participants and gaps in memory were filled with racial stereotypes

Weapon focus - decreases accuracy of memory as focus is not on perpetrator

Participants exposed to fake cardboard bugs bunny. 1/3 agreed they had met bugs bunny at disney land. unplausible and created memory.

60 years of research and no evidence of repression

Participants completed life events inventory asking whether they had been bullied. Those who said no particpated in a dream analysis session and later said they had been severely bullied during their childhood.

Recovered memory syndrome is a myth and repression does not exist.